Male infertility impacts a significant proportion of couples struggling to conceive. It occurs when a man has difficulty fathering a child due to various factors that impact sperm count, motility, and morphology. Typical causes include genetic issues, hormonal disruptions, lifestyle factors, preexisting medical illnesses, and environmental exposure

Minimally invasive gynecology utilizes advanced techniques to evaluate and treat a variety of female reproductive health conditions. Two prominent procedures within this field are laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Laparoscopy involves inserting a thin, telescope-like instrument called a laparoscope through a small incision in the abdomen. This allows s